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Best Peptides for Men Over 40

After 40, your body starts changing in ways you can feel but can't always explain. Recovery takes longer. Sleep gets lighter. The belly fat that wasn't there at 30 shows up and refuses to leave. Energy drops. Libido fades. Muscle seems harder to build and easier to lose.

After 40, your body starts changing in ways you can feel but can't always explain. Recovery takes longer. Sleep gets lighter. The belly fat that wasn't there at 30 shows up and refuses to leave. Energy drops. Libido fades. Muscle seems harder to build and easier to lose.

Much of this traces back to hormonal shifts. Testosterone declines roughly 1% per year after age 40, according to data from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging [1]. Growth hormone output drops even faster -- as much as 14% per decade after age 30 [2]. These aren't dramatic overnight changes. They're slow, compounding losses that add up over years and decades.

Peptide therapy has emerged as one approach to managing these shifts. Unlike testosterone replacement therapy (TRT), which supplies hormones directly, most peptides work by stimulating your body's own production of testosterone, growth hormone, or both. This guide covers the peptides with the strongest research behind them for men over 40, organized by what they actually do.

Table of Contents

What Changes After 40 (And Why Peptides Matter)

The hormonal decline men experience after 40 is real, measurable, and multi-layered.

Testosterone drops. The Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging found that total testosterone declines with age in most men, with prevalence of low testosterone reaching 38.7% in men 45 and older [1]. A 2023 BLSA analysis added nuance: when adjusted for comorbidities like obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, age alone was not a significant predictor of testosterone decline [3]. In other words, how you age matters as much as the aging itself.

Growth hormone plummets. GH secretion decreases by about 14% per decade after early adulthood. By 60, many men produce less than half the growth hormone they did at 25 [2]. Since GH influences muscle mass, fat metabolism, bone density, sleep quality, and skin elasticity, its decline touches almost everything.

Recovery slows. Tissue repair, muscle protein synthesis, and inflammatory resolution all become less efficient. Injuries that healed in days at 25 can linger for weeks or months at 45.

Body composition shifts. Even with the same diet and exercise, many men gain visceral fat and lose lean muscle mass -- a pattern called sarcopenic obesity that accelerates with each decade.

Peptides don't reverse aging. But they can restore signaling pathways that weaken over time, helping your body do what it already knows how to do -- just more effectively.

Best Peptides for Growth Hormone and Body Composition

Growth hormone (GH) influences nearly every system that declines with age: muscle mass, fat metabolism, bone density, sleep architecture, skin thickness, and cognitive function. These peptides stimulate your pituitary gland to release more of your own GH, rather than replacing it with synthetic growth hormone.

CJC-1295

CJC-1295 is a modified growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) analog with an extended half-life. A 2006 study in the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism showed that a single injection increased mean growth hormone concentrations by 2- to 10-fold for six or more days and raised IGF-1 levels by 1.5- to 3-fold for 9 to 11 days [4]. After multiple doses, IGF-1 stayed elevated for up to 28 days.

The study enrolled healthy adults aged 21 to 61 and found the effects were dose-dependent, safe, and well-tolerated at moderate doses. A companion study confirmed that CJC-1295 preserved normal GH pulsatility -- meaning it amplifies your body's natural rhythm rather than creating a flat, unnatural spike [5].

For men over 40, this matters because the goal isn't to push GH to supraphysiological levels. It's to bring back the output you had 15 years ago.

Ipamorelin

Ipamorelin holds a unique distinction: it was the first growth hormone secretagogue shown to be truly selective. A 1998 study by Raun et al. in the European Journal of Endocrinology demonstrated that ipamorelin stimulated GH release with potency comparable to other secretagogues like GHRP-6, but without raising ACTH or cortisol -- even at doses more than 200 times the amount needed for GH release [6].

This selectivity matters. Cortisol spikes counteract many of the benefits you'd want from GH optimization: they promote fat storage, impair recovery, and disrupt sleep. Ipamorelin avoids that problem entirely.

Additional research has shown ipamorelin counteracts glucocorticoid-induced bone loss in adult rats, increasing periosteal bone formation rate by fourfold [7]. For men over 40 dealing with the early stages of bone density loss, that's a relevant finding.

CJC-1295 + Ipamorelin (Combined)

These two are frequently used together because they work through complementary pathways. CJC-1295 acts on the GHRH receptor (amplifying the signal), while ipamorelin acts on the ghrelin/GHS receptor (adding a second stimulus). The combination produces a larger, more sustained GH pulse than either peptide alone.

This pairing is widely considered the gold standard for GH optimization in men over 40. Read more in our Peptide Stacking Guide.

Tesamorelin

Tesamorelin is the only GHRH analog with full FDA approval -- though specifically for reducing visceral fat in HIV-associated lipodystrophy, not for anti-aging. Still, its clinical data is among the strongest for any peptide in this category.

Pooled Phase 3 trials involving 806 patients showed tesamorelin reduced visceral adipose tissue by approximately 15.4%, with additional reductions in triglycerides (-12.3%) and cholesterol-to-HDL ratio (-7.2%) [8]. A separate trial found it also reduced liver fat [9]. Unlike direct GH administration, tesamorelin prompts the pituitary to release GH in a natural pulsatile pattern.

For men over 40 dealing with stubborn belly fat and metabolic concerns, tesamorelin has the strongest clinical evidence of any GH-stimulating peptide.

Sermorelin

Sermorelin is a 29-amino acid GHRH analog that was one of the first peptides used clinically for GH stimulation. A study in the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism evaluated its long-term use in age-advanced men and women, finding it increased skin thickness in both genders and lean body mass in men [10]. The study also noted improvements in insulin sensitivity and general well-being in male participants.

Sermorelin is often considered a gentler entry point into GH peptide therapy. Its shorter half-life means less prolonged elevation, which some clinicians prefer for initial protocols.

MK-677 (Ibutamoren)

MK-677 isn't technically a peptide -- it's a non-peptide GH secretagogue taken orally. That's its primary advantage: no injections required. It acts as a ghrelin mimetic, stimulating GH release through the same receptor as ipamorelin.

Studies show MK-677 increases GH and IGF-1 levels, improves sleep quality, and may help preserve lean mass. However, it also increases appetite (through ghrelin pathway activation) and can affect insulin sensitivity with long-term use -- important considerations for men over 40 who may already be dealing with metabolic concerns.

Best Peptides for Testosterone Support

While GH peptides help with body composition and recovery, these peptides specifically target the hormonal cascade that produces testosterone. They work upstream -- stimulating your hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis rather than supplying testosterone directly.

Kisspeptin

Kisspeptin sits at the top of the HPG axis. It's the peptide that tells your hypothalamus to release GnRH, which tells your pituitary to release LH and FSH, which tells your testes to make testosterone.

A 2011 study in the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism showed that kisspeptin-10 infusion in healthy men increased serum testosterone from 16.6 to 24.0 nmol/L (a roughly 45% increase) while also boosting LH pulse frequency and pulse size [11]. A follow-up study demonstrated that kisspeptin could restore LH and testosterone secretion in men with type 2 diabetes and biochemical hypogonadism [12].

A 2023 randomized clinical trial in JAMA Network Open also found kisspeptin enhanced sexual brain processing in men with hypoactive sexual desire disorder, suggesting benefits beyond just testosterone numbers [13].

Kisspeptin is best suited for men with low-normal testosterone who want to optimize endogenous production before considering TRT.

Gonadorelin

Gonadorelin is synthetic GnRH -- it directly stimulates the pituitary to release LH and FSH in a pulsatile fashion that mimics the body's natural rhythm. Clinically, it has been used for decades to treat hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, delayed puberty, and infertility.

For men over 40, gonadorelin serves two main purposes. First, as a standalone option for men with mild HPG axis suppression who want to maintain natural testosterone production. Second, as an adjunct to TRT to preserve testicular function and fertility -- a critical consideration for men who may still want children.

When testosterone is supplied externally (via TRT), the body's own production shuts down, leading to testicular atrophy and impaired sperm production. Gonadorelin can prevent this by keeping the pituitary-testicular axis active.

Best Peptides for Recovery and Joint Health

By 40, most men have accumulated decades of wear on their joints, tendons, and connective tissue. These peptides target tissue repair and inflammatory resolution.

BPC-157

BPC-157 is a 15-amino acid peptide derived from a protein found in human gastric juice. It has been studied extensively in preclinical models for tissue repair. A 2003 study demonstrated that BPC-157 accelerated healing of transected rat Achilles tendons, improving biomechanical strength, functional recovery, and tissue organization [14]. A 2010 study showed it promotes tendon healing through cell migration, cell survival, and activation of the FAK-paxillin pathway [15].

Perhaps most relevant for aging men: BPC-157 upregulates growth hormone receptor expression in tendon fibroblasts, potentially amplifying the tissue-repair effects of whatever GH your body produces [16].

A 2024 systematic review covering 36 studies from 1993 to 2024 confirmed that BPC-157 consistently promotes structural, biomechanical, and functional recovery in tendon, ligament, muscle, and bone injury models [17]. No adverse effects or toxicity have been reported in preclinical studies.

Important caveat: nearly all BPC-157 research is in animal models. Human clinical trials for musculoskeletal applications are still lacking.

For more on joint-specific peptide research, see our guide on Best Peptides for Joint Health.

TB-500

TB-500 is a synthetic fragment of thymosin beta-4, a naturally occurring protein involved in tissue repair, cell migration, and blood vessel formation. Research shows it promotes healing in muscle, tendon, and cardiac tissue through mechanisms including actin regulation and angiogenesis.

For men over 40 dealing with chronic tendon issues, joint stiffness, or slow recovery from training, TB-500 is often paired with BPC-157. The two work through different mechanisms -- BPC-157 through growth factor modulation and angiogenesis, TB-500 through actin-based cell migration and differentiation. Together, they address tissue repair from complementary angles.

One important safety note: research has found thymosin beta-4 overexpressed in several cancer types, including pancreatic, colorectal, and non-small cell lung cancer. While TB-500 as an administered peptide is different from endogenous thymosin beta-4 overexpression, this warrants caution and medical supervision.

Best Peptides for Fat Loss

Stubborn fat accumulation -- particularly around the midsection -- is one of the most frustrating changes men experience after 40. These peptides target fat metabolism through different mechanisms.

Semaglutide

Semaglutide is a GLP-1 receptor agonist that has changed the way weight loss is treated. The STEP 1 trial showed an average body weight reduction of 14.9% over 68 weeks [18]. The SELECT trial demonstrated sustained weight loss of 10.2% and a 20% reduction in major adverse cardiovascular events over four years [19].

For men specifically, the SELECT trial showed clinically meaningful weight loss, though women in the trials lost slightly more weight on average (-11.1% vs. -7.5% treatment difference from placebo) [19].

Semaglutide works through appetite reduction, slowed gastric emptying, and improved insulin sensitivity. Unlike most peptides on this list, it is FDA-approved for weight management (as Wegovy) and type 2 diabetes (as Ozempic). For more on GLP-1 peptides, see our guide to Best Peptides for Fat Loss.

Tirzepatide

Tirzepatide is a dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist that may produce even greater weight loss than semaglutide alone. Clinical trials have shown average weight reductions of 20% or more, making it one of the most effective pharmacological approaches to obesity currently available. It's FDA-approved as Mounjaro for type 2 diabetes and Zepbound for weight management.

AOD-9604

AOD-9604 is a modified fragment of human growth hormone (amino acids 176-191) designed to isolate GH's fat-metabolizing properties without its growth-promoting or glucose-altering effects. Animal studies showed it reduced body weight and increased fat oxidation in obese mice, with a 50% reduction in weight gain when given orally [20].

However, the human clinical trial story is less encouraging. A 24-week Phase IIb trial involving 536 subjects failed to achieve statistical significance for weight loss, and development was terminated in 2007 [21]. AOD-9604 remains a research compound without regulatory approval.

Tesamorelin (for Visceral Fat)

As noted in the GH section, tesamorelin specifically reduces visceral adipose tissue by approximately 15-18% based on pooled Phase 3 data [8]. Visceral fat -- the deep abdominal fat surrounding organs -- is the most metabolically dangerous type of fat, associated with cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and systemic inflammation. Tesamorelin's ability to selectively reduce it without affecting subcutaneous fat makes it particularly relevant for men over 40 with metabolic concerns.

Best Peptides for Sexual Health

Declining sexual function is one of the most common complaints among men over 40. These peptides address libido and erectile function through different pathways.

PT-141 (Bremelanotide)

PT-141 works through a completely different mechanism than drugs like sildenafil (Viagra) or tadalafil (Cialis). While PDE5 inhibitors improve blood flow in response to arousal, PT-141 acts on melanocortin-4 receptors in the brain to actually initiate the arousal signal.

Clinical trials have demonstrated its erectogenic effects. In one study, subcutaneous PT-141 produced a statistically significant erectile response in healthy men at doses above 1.0 mg [22]. In a randomized, double-blind trial of 342 men who didn't respond to sildenafil, 34% of men on PT-141 reported erections sufficient for intercourse vs. 9% on placebo [23].

PT-141 is FDA-approved as Vyleesi for hypoactive sexual desire disorder in women but remains off-label for men, where it's used for erectile dysfunction and low libido -- especially in men who can't take PDE5 inhibitors due to cardiovascular issues.

For a deeper look, visit our guide on Best Peptides for Sexual Health.

Kisspeptin (for Libido)

Beyond its testosterone-boosting effects, kisspeptin appears to directly influence sexual desire through brain pathways independent of downstream hormone changes. The 2023 JAMA trial noted enhanced sexual brain processing in men with HSDD that was unlikely to be explained solely by LH/FSH changes [13]. This dual mechanism -- both hormonal and neurological -- makes kisspeptin a uniquely interesting option for men experiencing both low testosterone and low desire.

Best Peptides for Anti-Aging and Longevity

These peptides target the cellular and molecular processes underlying biological aging itself.

Epitalon

Epitalon is a tetrapeptide (Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly) originally developed by Russian gerontologist Vladimir Khavinson. Its primary mechanism involves activating telomerase -- the enzyme that maintains telomere length. In a 2003 study, Khavinson demonstrated that epitalon induced telomerase activity and telomere elongation in human somatic cells [24]. Treated fibroblasts continued dividing past the 44th passage, while untreated controls stopped at 34 [25].

A more recent 2025 study in Biogerontology confirmed dose-dependent telomere extension in normal human cells through hTERT upregulation [26]. Beyond telomeres, epitalon appears to restore melatonin secretion from the pineal gland in aged subjects, which has downstream effects on sleep, circadian rhythm, and immune function.

A prospective cohort study of 266 people over age 60 showed that treatment with epithalamin (the precursor compound) reduced mortality by 1.6- to 1.8-fold over six years [27].

GHK-Cu

GHK-Cu is a naturally occurring copper-binding tripeptide found in human blood. It declines significantly with age. Research using the Broad Institute's Connectivity Map found that GHK affects over 4,000 human genes, including those involved in DNA repair (47 genes stimulated, 5 suppressed), collagen synthesis, and anti-inflammatory response [28].

A clinical study found that GHK-Cu creams increased collagen production in 70% of women treated -- outperforming both vitamin C (50%) and retinoic acid (40%) [29]. At the cellular level, GHK-Cu increased both collagen and elastin production in human dermal fibroblasts while modulating the MMP/TIMP balance critical for healthy tissue remodeling [30].

For men over 40, GHK-Cu addresses skin aging, wound healing, and may support broader tissue health as a systemic anti-aging peptide. Learn more in our guides on Best Peptides for Anti-Aging & Longevity.

MOTS-c

MOTS-c is a mitochondrial-derived peptide that acts as an exercise mimetic. A 2021 study in Nature Communications showed that two weeks of MOTS-c treatment allowed old mice (22 months) to double their running time and effectively outrun their middle-aged counterparts [31]. In humans, exercise increased MOTS-c levels 11.9-fold in skeletal muscle and 1.5-fold in circulation.

Plasma MOTS-c levels decline with age in both mice and humans [31]. The peptide works through the AMPK pathway to improve insulin sensitivity, regulate metabolism, and support muscle homeostasis. For men over 40 concerned about metabolic decline and physical capacity, MOTS-c represents one of the more interesting research frontiers. See also Best Peptides for Cognitive Enhancement for its neuroprotective research.

Peptide Comparison Table

PeptidePrimary UseMechanismFDA Approved?AdministrationResearch Quality
CJC-1295Growth hormoneGHRH analogNoInjectionStrong (human trials)
IpamorelinGrowth hormoneGhrelin receptor agonistNoInjectionStrong (human trials)
TesamorelinGH / visceral fatGHRH analogYes (HIV lipodystrophy)InjectionVery strong (Phase 3)
SermorelinGrowth hormoneGHRH analogYes (GH deficiency diagnosis)InjectionStrong (human trials)
MK-677Growth hormoneGhrelin mimetic (oral)NoOralModerate (human trials)
KisspeptinTestosterone / libidoGnRH stimulationNoInjectionStrong (human trials)
GonadorelinTestosteroneSynthetic GnRHYes (diagnostic)InjectionStrong (long clinical history)
BPC-157Tissue repairGrowth factor modulationNoInjection/oralStrong (animal); weak (human)
TB-500Tissue repairActin regulationNoInjectionModerate (animal)
SemaglutideFat lossGLP-1 receptor agonistYesInjection/oralVery strong (Phase 3)
TirzepatideFat lossDual GIP/GLP-1 agonistYesInjectionVery strong (Phase 3)
AOD-9604Fat lossGH fragmentNoInjection/oralWeak (failed human trials)
PT-141Sexual functionMC4 receptor agonistYes (women HSDD)InjectionStrong (human trials)
EpitalonLongevityTelomerase activationNoInjectionModerate (limited human data)
GHK-CuAnti-aging / skinGene expression modulationNoTopical/injectionModerate (human + in vitro)
MOTS-cMetabolism / agingAMPK pathwayNoInjectionModerate (animal + early human)

Peptides vs. Testosterone Replacement Therapy

This is one of the most common questions men over 40 face. Here's how peptides and TRT differ.

Testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) supplies testosterone directly, usually through injections, gels, or patches. It reliably raises testosterone levels and typically produces noticeable improvements in energy, muscle mass, mood, and libido within weeks. The trade-off: it suppresses your body's own testosterone production, shrinks the testes, and impairs sperm production. Once you start, stopping can leave you worse off than before -- at least temporarily.

Peptide therapy works by stimulating your body's own hormone production. Peptides like kisspeptin and gonadorelin target the HPG axis to boost endogenous testosterone. GH peptides like CJC-1295 and ipamorelin address a different but overlapping set of age-related changes. The response is generally more gradual and subtle than TRT, but you maintain your body's natural feedback loops.

FactorPeptide TherapyTRT
How it worksStimulates natural productionSupplies hormones directly
Speed of resultsWeeks to monthsDays to weeks
Testicular functionPreservedSuppressed
FertilityMaintainedImpaired
Long-term dependenceLower riskHigher risk
Strength of effectModerateStrong
Clinical evidenceVaries by peptideExtensive
Monitoring neededYesYes

Neither approach is universally better. If you have clinically low testosterone (total T below 300 ng/dL with symptoms), peptides alone may not be sufficient and TRT could be the more appropriate treatment. If you're in the low-normal range and want to optimize, peptides offer a way to do that while preserving natural function.

Some men use both: TRT for testosterone plus gonadorelin to maintain testicular function, or GH peptides to address the growth hormone decline that TRT doesn't touch.

Safety Considerations and Regulatory Status

Honest talk about what we know and don't know.

FDA-approved peptides in this guide: Semaglutide, tirzepatide, tesamorelin, and sermorelin (diagnostic use) have gone through full clinical trials. Their safety profiles are well-characterized.

Research peptides: BPC-157, TB-500, CJC-1295, ipamorelin, kisspeptin, epitalon, MOTS-c, AOD-9604, and GHK-Cu lack FDA approval for the uses described here. Most have strong preclinical data but limited long-term human safety data.

PT-141 is FDA-approved for women's HSDD; its use in men is off-label.

Gonadorelin is FDA-approved as a diagnostic tool; its use for testosterone maintenance is off-label.

Key safety principles for men over 40:

  1. Get baseline bloodwork. Before starting any peptide protocol, know your current testosterone, IGF-1, CBC, metabolic panel, and PSA levels.
  2. Work with a qualified provider. Peptide therapy should be supervised by a physician who understands endocrinology and can monitor your response.
  3. Start conservatively. More is not better with hormonal optimization. The goal is to reach the upper range of normal, not to exceed it.
  4. Monitor regularly. Repeat bloodwork every 6-12 weeks initially, then quarterly once stable.
  5. Consider the IGF-1/cancer question. Growth hormone stimulation raises IGF-1 levels. Elevated IGF-1 has been associated with increased cancer risk in epidemiological studies. Men with a personal or strong family history of cancer should discuss this carefully with their physician.

Frequently Asked Questions

What age should men start considering peptide therapy? There's no universal answer, but most clinicians suggest evaluating hormone levels starting in the late 30s to early 40s, when declines become measurable. Symptoms matter more than age -- if you're 38 with poor sleep, declining recovery, and rising body fat despite good habits, that's worth investigating. If you're 55 and feeling great, there may be no reason to intervene.

Are peptides safer than testosterone replacement? Not necessarily "safer" in a blanket sense. FDA-approved peptides like semaglutide and tesamorelin have well-documented safety profiles. Research peptides like BPC-157 have excellent preclinical safety data but lack long-term human studies. TRT has decades of human safety data, making its risks better understood and more predictable. The right answer depends on your specific situation and goals.

How long do peptides take to work? It varies by peptide and goal. GH peptides typically show effects on sleep quality within 1-2 weeks, body composition improvements over 2-3 months, and skin and hair changes over 3-6 months. Testosterone-supporting peptides may take 4-8 weeks to show measurable hormonal changes. Fat loss peptides like semaglutide show results within weeks.

Can I use peptides and TRT together? Yes, and many men do. Gonadorelin is specifically used alongside TRT to maintain testicular function. GH peptides like CJC-1295 and ipamorelin address growth hormone decline that TRT doesn't affect. Your physician can design a protocol that combines approaches based on your bloodwork and goals. See our Peptide Stacking Guide for more on combining peptides.

Do peptides require a prescription? In the United States, peptides used for medical treatment require a prescription from a licensed provider. Some peptides are sold as "research chemicals," but using them without medical supervision carries risks including contaminated products, incorrect dosing, and lack of monitoring.

What about oral peptides vs. injections? Most peptides in this guide are administered via subcutaneous injection using small insulin-type needles. MK-677 and some forms of BPC-157 are available orally. Semaglutide has an oral formulation (Rybelsus). Oral bioavailability varies significantly between peptides -- some survive digestion well, others don't. Injections generally provide more reliable and consistent dosing.

Will peptides show up on a drug test? Many peptides are banned by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) and major sports organizations. GH secretagogues, SARMs, and several peptides on this list would result in a positive test. If you compete in tested sports, review the current prohibited list carefully.

The Bottom Line

Peptide therapy for men over 40 is neither magic nor quackery. It sits in a genuine middle ground: a set of tools with real biological mechanisms, varying levels of clinical evidence, and legitimate potential to address age-related hormonal and metabolic changes.

The strongest evidence belongs to FDA-approved options: semaglutide and tirzepatide for weight management, tesamorelin for visceral fat reduction. CJC-1295 and ipamorelin have solid human data for GH stimulation. Kisspeptin shows genuine promise for natural testosterone optimization. BPC-157 has consistent preclinical evidence for tissue repair, though human trials are still needed.

The weakest cases are peptides with strong animal data but failed or absent human trials, like AOD-9604, or those with promising but very limited evidence, like MOTS-c and epitalon.

What matters most isn't which peptide you choose -- it's the framework around it. Get thorough bloodwork. Work with a physician who understands hormone optimization. Combine peptide therapy with the fundamentals that no pill or injection can replace: resistance training, adequate protein, quality sleep, and stress management.

Your body at 45 isn't your body at 25. But with the right approach, it doesn't have to feel like 65 either.

References

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  2. Iranmanesh A, Lizarralde G, Veldhuis JD. Age and relative adiposity are specific negative determinants of the frequency and amplitude of growth hormone (GH) secretory bursts and the half-life of endogenous GH in healthy men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1991;73(5):1081-1088. PubMed

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  15. Chang CH, et al. The promoting effect of pentadecapeptide BPC 157 on tendon healing involves tendon outgrowth, cell survival, and cell migration. J Appl Physiol. 2011;110(3):774-780. PubMed

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  17. Emerging Use of BPC-157 in Orthopaedic Sports Medicine: A Systematic Review. Cureus. 2024. PMC

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